Folsom tradition

The Folsom Complex is a name given by archaeologists to a specific Paleo-Indian archaeological culture that occupied much of central North America. The term was first used in 1927 by Jesse Dade Figgins, director of the Colorado Museum of Natural History.^[1]

Numerous Paleoindian cultures occupied North America, with some restricted to the Great Plains and Great Lakes of the modern United States of America and Canada as well as adjacent areas to the west and south west. The Folsom Tradition was characterised by use of Folsom points as projectile tips and activities known from kill sites where slaughter and butchering of bison took place and Folsom tools were left behind.^[2]

Some kill sites exhibit evidence of up to 50 bison being killed, although the Folsom diet apparently included mountain sheep, marmots, deer and cottontail rabbit as well.

A Folsom site at Hanson, Wyoming also revealed areas of hardstanding which indicate possible dwellings.

The type site is Folsom Site, near Folsom, New Mexico in Colfax County (29CX1), a marsh-side kill site found in about 1908 by George McJunkin, a cowboy and former slave who had lived in Texas as a child. Archaeologists excavated the site in 1926.

The Folsom Complex is thought to have derived from the earlier Clovis culture and dates to between 9000 BC and 8000 BC.

The Lindenmeier Site in Colorado is a campsite that was used throughout a longer period, spanning this era.

References

^ Hillerman, Anthony G. (1973). "The Hunt for the Lost American". The Great Taos Bank Robbery and Other Indian Country Affairs. University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 0-8263-0306-4. republished in The Great Taos Bank Robbery and Other Indian Country Affairs. New York: Harper Paperbacks. May 1997. ISBN 0-06-101173-8.
^ "Folsom Traditions". University of Manitoba. 1998. http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/arts/anthropology/manarchnet/chronology/paleoindian/folsom.html. Retrieved 2010-04-10.

Indigenous peoples of Colorado

Overview

Outline of Colorado prehistory · Prehistory of Colorado

Contemporary peoples
native to Colorado

People	Arapaho · Cheyenne · Comanche · Jicarilla Apache · Kiowa · Pawnee · Shoshone · Ute

Reservations	Southern Ute Indian Reservation · Ute Mountain Ute Tribe

Major events	Battle of Beecher Island · Colorado War · Comanche Campaign · Sand Creek massacre

Prehistoric cultures
in Colorado

Paleo-Indian	Clovis culture · Cody complex · Folsom tradition · Goshen complex · Hell Gap complex · Plainview complex · Plano cultures

Archaic	Apex complex · Basketmaker culture · Mount Albion complex · Oshara Tradition · Picosa culture

Post-Archaic	Ancient Pueblo Peoples · Apishapa culture · Dismal River culture · Fremont culture · Panhandle culture · Sopris Phase · Tipi ring

Noted archaeologists	Cynthia Irwin-Williams · Paul Sidney Martin · Waldo Rudolph Wedel · Joe Ben Wheat

List of ancient dwellings of Pueblo peoples in Colorado · List of prehistoric sites in Colorado · Trail of the Ancients

Pre-Columbian North America

Archaeological cultures	North American pre-Columbian chronology – Adena – Alachua – Ancient Pueblo (Anasazi) – Baytown – Belle Glade – Buttermilk Creek Complex – Caborn-Welborn – Calf Creek – Caloosahatchee – Clovis – Coles Creek – Deptford – Folsom – Fort Ancient – Fort Walton – Fremont – Glades – Glacial Kame – Hopewell (List of Hopewell sites) – Hohokam – Leon-Jefferson – Mississippian (List of Mississippian sites) – Mogollon – Monongahela – Old Cordilleran – Oneota – Paleo-Arctic – Paleo-Indians – Patayan – Plano – Plaquemine – Poverty Point – Prehistoric Southwest – Red Ocher – Santa Rosa-Swift Creek – St. Johns – Steed-Kisker – Tchefuncte – Tocobaga – Troyville

Archaeological sites	Angel Mounds – Bandelier National Monument – The Bluff Point Stoneworks – Cahokia – Chaco Canyon – Casa Grande – Coso Rock Art District – Eaker – Effigy Mounds National Monument – Etowah Indian Mounds – Eva – Folsom Site – Fort Ancient – Fort Center – Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument – Holly Bluff Site – Hopewell Culture National Historical Park – Kincaid Mounds – Kolomoki – Manitou Cliff Dwellings – Marksville – Meadowcroft Rockshelter – Mesa Verde – Moorehead Circle – Moundville – Mummy Cave – Nodena Site – Ocmulgee National Monument – Old Stone Fort – Parkin Park – Pinson Mounds – Portsmouth Earthworks – Poverty Point – Pueblo Bonito – Rock Eagle – Rock Hawk – Salmon Ruins – Serpent Mound – Spiro Mounds – SunWatch – Taos Pueblo – Toltec Mounds – Town Creek Indian Mound – Winterville

Miscellaneous	Ballgame – Black drink – Buhl woman – Calumet – Chunkey – Clovis point – Container Revolution – Eastern Agricultural Complex – Eden point – Effigy mound – Falcon dancer – Folsom point – Green Corn Ceremony – Horned Serpent – Kennewick man – Kiva – Metallurgy – Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing – Medicine wheel – Mound builders – N.A.G.P.R.A. – Norse colonization of the Americas – Piasa – Pueblo dwellings – Southeastern Ceremonial Complex – Three Sisters agriculture – Thunderbird – Underwater panther

Related: Genetic history · Indigenous Portal of North America · Pre-Columbian era